Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement

The Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology (MOJET) is committed to maintaining the highest standards of publication ethics, research integrity, academic transparency, and responsible scholarly communication. The journal follows the Core Practices and relevant guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing, and internationally accepted standards of ethical publishing.

These principles apply to all participants in the publication process, including authors, reviewers, editors, members of the Editorial Board, and the publisher.

Responsibilities of Authors

Authors submitting manuscripts to MOJET are expected to ensure that:

• The submitted manuscript is original and has not been published previously, except where appropriately disclosed and permitted by the journal.

• The manuscript is not under consideration by another journal at the time of submission.

• All listed authors have made substantial scholarly contributions to the work, approved the submitted version, and accept responsibility for the integrity and accuracy of the manuscript.

• Individuals who contributed to the work but do not meet the criteria for authorship are appropriately acknowledged.

• All sources, data, figures, tables, instruments, software, and ideas derived from other works are properly cited and acknowledged.

• Data have been collected, analyzed, interpreted, and reported honestly, accurately, and transparently.

• Fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, duplicate publication, inappropriate text recycling, citation manipulation, peer review manipulation, and other forms of publication misconduct have not occurred.

• All financial, institutional, professional, academic, or personal conflicts of interest are disclosed.

• All sources of funding are disclosed, together with the role of the funding body, where applicable.

• Research involving human participants or animals has received appropriate ethical approval where required.

• A Data Availability Statement is included where appropriate, indicating whether research data are publicly available or explaining any restrictions on data sharing.

• Authors promptly inform the Editorial Office if they discover a significant error or inaccuracy in their submitted or published work and cooperate fully in any correction, retraction, or other appropriate editorial action.

Authorship and Contributorship

Authorship should accurately reflect substantial scholarly contributions to the conception, design, execution, analysis, interpretation, or reporting of the research.

All authors must approve the final version of the manuscript and agree to its submission. Guest authorship, honorary authorship, ghost authorship, and omission of eligible contributors constitute unethical publication practices.

Authors are encouraged to describe individual contributions using the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy).

Requests to add, remove, or rearrange authors after submission must be submitted to the Editorial Office together with a clear explanation and written agreement from all authors. Requests after acceptance or publication will be considered only in exceptional and well justified circumstances.

Responsibilities of Reviewers

Reviewers are expected to:

• Evaluate manuscripts objectively, fairly, confidentially, and in a timely manner.

• Assess submissions solely on scholarly merit, methodological rigor, originality, clarity, and relevance to the journal's aims and scope.

• Provide constructive, respectful, evidence based, and sufficiently detailed comments.

• Disclose any financial, professional, institutional, academic, or personal conflicts of interest.

• Decline review invitations when they lack the necessary expertise or cannot complete the review within the requested timeframe.

• Inform the editors of suspected plagiarism, duplicate publication, data fabrication, citation manipulation, peer review manipulation, or other ethical concerns.

• Maintain the confidentiality of manuscripts and all information obtained during peer review.

• Not use unpublished data or ideas obtained through peer review for personal or professional advantage.

Responsibilities of Editors

Editors are responsible for:

• Making editorial decisions solely on the basis of scholarly merit, originality, methodological quality, ethical integrity, and relevance to the journal.

• Ensuring a fair, independent, timely, confidential, and unbiased peer review process.

• Safeguarding editorial independence from commercial, institutional, political, or personal influence.

• Evaluating manuscripts without discrimination based on nationality, ethnicity, gender, religion, institutional affiliation, disability, or personal characteristics.

• Identifying and managing conflicts of interest involving authors, reviewers, editors, and Editorial Board members.

• Protecting the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and reviewer identities.

• Investigating allegations of publication misconduct in accordance with COPE guidance.

• Taking appropriate editorial action when ethical concerns are substantiated.

• Never requesting authors to add citations solely for the purpose of increasing journal based citation metrics.

Editors and Editorial Board members shall not participate in editorial decisions concerning manuscripts in which they have a conflict of interest.

Peer Review Integrity

MOJET operates a double blind peer review process.

Reviewer selection is based on subject expertise, research experience, and the absence of conflicts of interest.

Attempts to manipulate peer review, including fabricated reviewer identities, false reviewer contact information, undisclosed conflicts, or inappropriate influence on editorial decisions, constitute serious publication misconduct.

Research Misconduct

Research and publication misconduct includes, but is not limited to:

• Plagiarism

• Duplicate or redundant publication

• Unacceptable text recycling

• Data fabrication

• Data falsification

• Image manipulation that misrepresents research findings

• Citation manipulation

• Peer review manipulation

• Simultaneous submission

• Undisclosed conflicts of interest

• Inappropriate authorship practices

• Misrepresentation of ethical approval, consent procedures, research methods, or research findings

Suspected misconduct will be investigated in accordance with COPE guidance. Depending on the outcome, editorial actions may include manuscript rejection, suspension of review, publication of a correction, expression of concern, retraction, notification of relevant institutions, or other appropriate measures.

Plagiarism and Similarity Screening

All submissions may be screened using similarity detection software.

Similarity reports are interpreted by editors in context. The overall similarity percentage alone does not determine whether plagiarism has occurred. Editors evaluate the nature, source, extent, and context of overlapping material.

Manuscripts containing substantial plagiarism, duplicate publication, or unacceptable overlap may be rejected without external review.

Ethical Oversight

Research involving human participants or animals must comply with applicable institutional, national, and international ethical standards.

Where required, authors must provide the name of the approving ethics committee or institutional review board together with approval information.

Authors should indicate whether informed consent was obtained where applicable.

Studies involving children, students, vulnerable populations, or identifiable personal information should demonstrate appropriate ethical safeguards.

Data Availability and Reproducibility

MOJET encourages authors to make research data, instruments, analysis code, and supplementary materials openly available whenever ethically, legally, and practically possible.

Each manuscript is encouraged to include a Data Availability Statement.

When data cannot be shared because of confidentiality, legal restrictions, intellectual property, or participant protection, authors should clearly explain these limitations.

Editors may request access to underlying data or supporting documentation during editorial assessment or investigations of ethical concerns.

Conflicts of Interest

Authors, reviewers, editors, and Editorial Board members must disclose relationships or interests that could reasonably be perceived as influencing their professional judgment.

The existence of a conflict of interest does not automatically prevent publication or participation in the editorial process; however, all relevant conflicts must be transparently declared and appropriately managed.

Artificial Intelligence and AI Assisted Technologies

Artificial intelligence and AI assisted technologies cannot be listed as authors because they cannot assume responsibility for scholarly work.

Authors remain fully responsible for all content submitted to the journal, including content created or revised using AI assisted technologies.

Substantial use of AI for writing, language editing, translation, image generation, data analysis, or similar purposes should be transparently disclosed in the manuscript.

AI technologies must not be used to fabricate data, generate false citations, manipulate images, misrepresent findings, or conceal plagiarism.

Editors and reviewers must not upload confidential manuscripts to external AI systems in ways that may compromise confidentiality, intellectual property, or data protection.

Preprints

MOJET accepts submissions that have previously been deposited on recognized non peer reviewed preprint servers.

Authors should disclose any preprint version at the time of submission and provide the relevant DOI or persistent identifier where available.

Submission to MOJET constitutes a request for peer reviewed publication and does not affect the status of the preprint.

Corrections, Retractions, and Expressions of Concern

MOJET is committed to preserving the integrity of the scholarly record.

Corrections may be published when a significant error does not invalidate the principal findings.

Retractions may be issued where findings are unreliable because of misconduct or major error, plagiarism, unethical research, duplicate publication, or other serious ethical violations.

Expressions of concern may be published while investigations remain ongoing.

Whenever technically possible, corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern will be permanently linked to the original publication.

Complaints and Appeals

Authors may appeal editorial decisions by submitting a reasoned explanation to the Editorial Office.

Appeals are evaluated independently based on scholarly merit and procedural fairness.

Complaints concerning editorial conduct, peer review, or publication ethics will be investigated by an editor who was not involved in the original decision whenever possible.

Confidentiality

Editors, reviewers, Editorial Board members, editorial staff, and the publisher must treat manuscripts and all related correspondence as confidential.

Information obtained during editorial evaluation or peer review shall not be disclosed or used for personal, academic, or commercial advantage.

Editorial Independence

Editorial decisions are based exclusively on academic quality, methodological rigor, ethical integrity, and relevance to the journal.

The publisher fully respects the editorial independence of the Editor in Chief and Editorial Board. Commercial interests, advertising, sponsorship, or institutional influence do not affect editorial decisions.

Commitment to Publication Ethics

MOJET is committed to protecting the integrity of the scholarly record and continuously improving its editorial policies in accordance with developments in publication ethics and research integrity.

The journal follows the COPE Core Practices, the Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing, and internationally accepted ethical standards when addressing publication ethics and malpractice.